vim常见用法

2022-06-28

基于vimtutor编写（方便查）

vim mode

vim一共有5种模式（先大概知道一下）

  1. normal mode ： esc #用于浏览和编辑文件
  2. insert mode ： esc i #对文件插入内容
  3. replace mode： esc R #取代光标所指向的内容
  4. visual mode： esc v #复制黏贴用
  5. command-line esc : #文件保存，退出等操作。

lesson 1 basic

1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.<br>
        h (left)       j (down)       k (up)       l (right)

2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type:  vim FILENAME <ENTER>
   
3. To exit Vim type:     <ESC>   :q!   <ENTER>  to trash all changes.<br>
            OR type:      <ESC>   :wq   <ENTER>  to save the changes.

4. To delete the character at the cursor type:  x

5. To insert or append text type:<br>
        i   type inserted text  <ESC>         insert before the cursor<br>
        A   type appended text   <ESC>         append after the line

lesson 2 delete and undo 

1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type:    dw
2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type:    d$
3. To delete a whole line type:    dd

4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number:   2w
5. The format for a change command is:
            operator   [number]   motion
    where:
    operator - is what to do, such as  d  for delete
    [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
    motion   - moves over the text to operate on, such as  w (word),
                $ (to the end of line), etc.

6. To move to the start of the line use a zero:  0

7. To undo previous actions, type:           u  (lowercase u)
    To undo all the changes on a line, type:  U  (capital U)
    To undo the undo's, type:                 CTRL-R

lesson 3 p,replace,ce

  1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type   p .  This puts the
     deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
     line below the cursor).

  2. To replace the character under the cursor, type   r   and then the
     character you want to have there.

  3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
     motion takes you.  eg. Type  ce  to change from the cursor to the end of
     the word,  c$  to change to the end of a line.

  4. The format for change is:

         c   [number]   motion

lesson 4 jump,serach,substitute

  1. CTRL-G  displays your location in the file and the file status.
             G  moves to the end of the file.
     number  G  moves to that line number.
            gg  moves to the first line.

  2. Typing  /  followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
     Typing  ?  followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
     After a search type  n  to find the next occurrence in the same direction
     or  N  to search in the opposite direction.
     CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.

  3. Typing  %  while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.

  4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type    :s/old/new
     To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type       :s/old/new/g
     To substitute phrases between two line #'s type       :#,#s/old/new/g
     To substitute all occurrences in the file type        :%s/old/new/g
     To ask for confirmation each time add 'c'             :%s/old/new/gc

lesson 5 execute external command 

  1.  :!command  executes an external command.

      Some useful examples are:
         (MS-DOS)         (Unix)
          :!dir            :!ls            -  shows a directory listing.
          :!del FILENAME   :!rm FILENAME   -  removes file FILENAME.

  2.  :w FILENAME  writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.

  3.  v  motion  :w FILENAME  saves the Visually selected lines in file
      FILENAME.

  4.  :r FILENAME  retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
      cursor position.

  5.  :r !dir  reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
      cursor position.

lesson 6 open ,copy,paste,R

  1. Type  o  to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
     Type  O  to open a line ABOVE the cursor.

  2. Type  a  to insert text AFTER the cursor.
     Type  A  to insert text after the end of the line.

  3. The  e  command moves to the end of a word.

  4. The  y  operator yanks (copies) text,  p  puts (pastes) it.

  5. Typing a capital  R  enters Replace mode until  <ESC>  is pressed.

  6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx".  Some options are:
        'ic' 'ignorecase'       ignore upper/lower case when searching
        'is' 'incsearch'        show partial matches for a search phrase
        'hls' 'hlsearch'        highlight all matching phrases
     You can either use the long or the short option name.

  7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off:   :set noic

lesson 7 change window,help 

  1. Type  :help  or press <F1> or <Help>  to open a help window.

  2. Type  :help cmd  to find help on  cmd .

  3. Type  CTRL-W CTRL-W  to jump to another window

  4. Type  :q  to close the help window

  5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.

  6. When typing a  :  command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
     Press <TAB> to use one completion.